Over the last two decades the concept of resilience has gained considerable attention from academics, researchers and international institutions. Climate change and economic globalization, as “double exposure”, represent the main drivers that pose unprecedented uncertainties and threats to humans and ecosystems across the globe. Indigenous communities in the Cauca department of Colombia rely heavily on coffee production and are threatened by both climate change and economic globalization. In order to understand how resilient notions and practices are constructed and transformed in rural areas of the Cauca, my research is centred on two main issues. First, I focused on analysing the construction of knowledge systems around resilience climate change and economic crises by international and national institutions/organizations, and the mechanisms used by these to promote specific subjectivities according to neoliberal notions of resilience. Second, I analysed the cases in which traditional knowledges and neoliberal notions and practices of resilience coexist, transform or complement each other. Resilience is not just a technical concept to measure our capacity to adapt and recover, but also is a central capacity that allows people to protect what they value most according to their social and cultural norms. In this sense, my research provides a constructionist approach to resilience which shows how different notions and components (robustness, recovery and adaptation) of resilience coexist and clash to each other.